Both woodcuts and linocuts can employ reduction printing. Reduction printing is a name used to describe the process of using one block to print several layers of color on one print. If the print is in color, separate blocks can be used for each color, or a technique called reduction printing can be used. The block is then rubbed with a baren or spoon, or is run through a printing press. Then a sheet of paper, perhaps slightly damp, is placed over the block. In the Western tradition, the surface of the block is then inked with the use of a brayer however in the Japanese tradition, woodblocks were inked with a brush. Traditionally, the artist then handed the work to a technician, who then uses sharp carving tools to carve away the parts of the block that will not receive ink. The artist either draws a design directly on a plank of wood, or transfers an drawing done on paper to a plank of wood. Woodcuts of Stanislaw Raczynski (1903–1982) For example, Rembrandt's prints are usually referred to as "etchings" for convenience, but very often include work in engraving and drypoint as well, and sometimes have no etching at all. Many of these techniques can also be combined, especially within the same family.
Contemporary printmaking may include digital printing, photographic mediums, or a combination of digital, photographic, and traditional processes.
Prints may also be printed in book form, such as illustrated books or artist's books. Since the late 19th century, artists have generally signed individual impressions from an edition and often number the impressions to form a limited edition the matrix is then destroyed so that no more prints can be produced. Multiple impressions printed from the same matrix form an edition. Other types of matrix substrates and related processes are discussed below.
Screens made of silk or synthetic fabrics are used for the screen printing process. Common types of matrices include: metal etching plates, usually copper or zinc, or polymer plates and other thicker plastic sheets for engraving or etching stone, aluminum, or polymer for lithography blocks of wood for woodcuts and wood engravings and linoleum for linocuts. Prints are created by transferring ink from a matrix to a sheet of paper or other material, by a variety of techniques.
A print that copies another work of art, especially a painting, is known as a "reproductive print". Historically, many printed images were created as a preparatory study, such as a drawing. Master printmakers are technicians who are capable of printing identical "impressions" by hand. However, impressions can vary considerably, whether intentionally or not. Each print produced is considered an "original" work of art, and is correctly referred to as an "impression", not a "copy" (that means a different print copying the first, common in early printmaking). Except in the case of monotyping, all printmaking processes have the capacity to produce identical multiples of the same artwork, which is called a print. "Traditional printmaking" normally covers only the process of creating prints using a hand processed technique, rather than a photographic reproduction of a visual artwork which would be printed using an electronic machine ( a printer) however, there is some cross-over between traditional and digital printmaking, including risograph. Printmaking is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. Francisco Goya, There is No One To Help Them, Disasters of War series, aquatint c.1810
0 kommentar(er)
